#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
#define int ll
const int INF = 1e9;
int n;
#include "tree.h"
std::vector<int> p, w;
vector<vector<int>> adj;
vector<bool> is_leaf;
vector<int> LL, RR;
vector<pair<ll,ll>> special_pairs; // (w, c)
int T = 0;
ll leaf_sum = 0; // sum of weights of all leaves
// plan for the main dfs:
// - find special node,
// - recurse all children,
// - clean up node,
// - rerun dfs
int ssz = 262144;
vector<ll> seg_leaf(2 * 262144, 0);
vector<pair<ll, int>> seg_weight(2 * 262144, {INF, -1}); // value, index
vector<ll> Rx, Lx;
void add_leaf(int i, ll x) {
i += ssz; seg_leaf[i] = x; i /= 2;
while (i > 0) {
seg_leaf[i] = seg_leaf[2 * i] + seg_leaf[2 * i + 1];
i /= 2;
}
}
int sum_leaf(int l, int r) {
l += ssz; r += ssz; ll ans = 0;
while (l <= r) {
if (l % 2 == 1) ans += seg_leaf[l++];
if (r % 2 == 0) ans += seg_leaf[r--];
l /= 2; r /= 2;
}
return ans;
}
void upd_weight(int i, pair<ll, int> x) {
i += ssz; seg_weight[i] = x; i /= 2;
while (i > 0) {
seg_weight[i] = min(seg_weight[2 * i], seg_weight[2 * i + 1]);
i /= 2;
}
}
pair<ll, int> min_val (int l, int r){
l += ssz; r += ssz; pair<ll, int> ans = {INF, -1};
while (l <= r) {
if (l % 2 == 1) ans = min(ans, seg_weight[l++]);
if (r % 2 == 0) ans = min(ans, seg_weight[r--]);
l /= 2; r /= 2;
}
return ans;
}
void dfs1(int u){
is_leaf[u] = true;
LL[u] = T++;
for (int v : adj[u]) {
is_leaf[u] = false;
dfs1(v);
}
if (is_leaf[u]) {
leaf_sum += w[u];
w[u] = INF;
}
RR[u] = T - 1;
}
void dfs(int u, ll sub){ // sub is the special subtrahend
// if leaf
if (is_leaf[u]){
// just clear the node up
is_leaf[u] = false;
add_leaf(LL[u], 0);
return;
}
// find the special node
pair<ll, int> pr_weight = min_val(LL[u], RR[u]);
ll min_weight = pr_weight.first;
int index = pr_weight.second;
special_pairs.push_back({min_weight-sub, sum_leaf(LL[u], RR[u])});
sub = min_weight;
// recurse all children
for(int v:adj[index]){
dfs(v, sub); // recurse with the special subtrahend
}
// clean up node
is_leaf[index] = true;
add_leaf(LL[index], 1);
upd_weight(LL[index], {INF, index});
w[index] = INF; // it's cleaned
// rerun dfs
dfs(u, sub);
}
void init(std::vector<signed> P, std::vector<signed> W) {
p = vector<ll>(P.begin(), P.end());
w = vector<ll>(W.begin(), W.end());
n = (int)p.size();
adj.resize(n);
for(int i=1;i<n;++i ){
adj[p[i]].push_back(i);
}
// update segment trees
is_leaf.resize(n, false);
LL.resize(n, 0);
RR.resize(n, 0);
dfs1(0);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (is_leaf[i]) {
add_leaf(LL[i], 1);
}
upd_weight(LL[i], {w[i], i});
}
dfs(0, 0);
Rx.resize(n+1,0);
Lx.resize(n+1,0);
Lx[0] = leaf_sum;
for(auto&[wt, c]:special_pairs){
Lx[1] += c*wt;
Lx[c+1] -= c*wt;
Rx[1] -= wt;
Rx[c+1] += wt;
}
for(int i=1;i<=n;++i){
Lx[i] += Lx[i-1];
Rx[i] += Rx[i-1];
}
}
long long query(signed L, signed R) {
ll k = (R+L-1)/L;
return L*Lx[k] + R*Rx[k];
}
/*
int main() {
int N;
assert(1 == scanf("%d", &N));
std::vector<int> P(N);
P[0] = -1;
for (int i = 1; i < N; i++)
assert(1 == scanf("%d", &P[i]));
std::vector<int> W(N);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
assert(1 == scanf("%d", &W[i]));
int Q;
assert(1 == scanf("%d", &Q));
std::vector<int> L(Q), R(Q);
for (int j = 0; j < Q; j++)
assert(2 == scanf("%d%d", &L[j], &R[j]));
fclose(stdin);
init(P, W);
std::vector<long long> A(Q);
for (int j = 0; j < Q; j++)
A[j] = query(L[j], R[j]);
for (int j = 0; j < Q; j++)
printf("%lld\n", A[j]);
fclose(stdout);
return 0;
}
*/
