This submission is migrated from previous version of oj.uz, which used different machine for grading. This submission may have different result if resubmitted.
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define pii pair<long long,long long>
#define F first
#define S second
#define pb push_back
void setio(){
    freopen("/Users/iantsai/cpp/input.txt","r",stdin);
    freopen("/Users/iantsai/cpp/output.txt","w",stdout);
}
const long long mxn = (1<<17)+10;
const long long inf=1e18;
long long n, m, rk, l[mxn], r[mxn], nl[mxn], nr[mxn], a[mxn], L[mxn], R[mxn];
struct BIT{
    long long bit[mxn];
    void init(){
        for(long long i=0;i<mxn;i++){
            bit[i] = 0;
        }
    }
    void m(long long p, long long v){
        for(;p<mxn;p+=p&-p){
            bit[p] += v;
        }
    }
    long long q(long long p){
        long long res = 0;
        for(;p;p-=p&-p){
            res += bit[p];
        }
        return res;
    }
    long long bs(long long x){
        long long pos = 0;
        //cout << x<<":\n";
        for(long long i=16;i>=0;i--){
            if((pos | (1 << i)) <= n and bit[pos|(1<<i)] < x){
                pos |= (1 << i);
                x -= bit[pos];
                //cout<< bit[pos] << ','<< x <<','<<pos<<'\n';
            }
        }
        //cout<<'\n';
        return pos+!!x;
    }
}bt;
struct segtree{
    struct data{
        long long l, r, cnt;
    }seg[4*mxn];
    void build(long long l,long long r,long long id){
        seg[id]={inf,-inf,0};
        if(l==r){
            return ;
        }
        long long mm=l+r>>1;
        build(l,mm,id*2);
        build(mm+1,r,id*2+1);
    }
    void m(long long l,long long r,long long id,long long p,pii v){
        if(l==r){
            seg[id].l = v.F;
            seg[id].r = v.S;
            seg[id].cnt = 1;
            if(v.F==inf) seg[id].cnt=0;
            return ;
        }
        long long mm = l+r>>1;
        if(p<=mm){
            m(l,mm,id*2,p,v);
        }
        else{
            m(mm+1,r,id*2+1,p,v);
        }
        seg[id].l=min(seg[id*2].l,seg[id*2+1].l);
        seg[id].r=max(seg[id*2].r,seg[id*2+1].r);
        seg[id].cnt=seg[id*2].cnt+seg[id*2+1].cnt;
    }
    data q(long long l,long long r,long long id,long long ql,long long qr){
        if(qr<l or r<ql){
            return {inf,-inf,0};
        }
        if(ql<=l and r<=qr){
            return seg[id];
        }
        long long mm = l+r>>1;
        data p =q(l,mm,id*2,ql,qr);
        data p2=q(mm+1,r,id*2+1,ql,qr);
        return {min(p.l,p2.l),max(p.r,p2.r),p.cnt+p2.cnt};
    }
}tr;
vector<pair<long long,pii>>in[mxn], out[mxn];
long long nxt[mxn];
int GetBestPosition(int N, int C, int d, int *K, int *S, int *E) {
    n = N, m = C, rk = d;
    bt.init();
    for(long long i=1;i<=m;i++){
        l[i] = S[i-1]+1;
        r[i] = E[i-1]+1;
    }
    for(long long i=1;i<=n;i++){
        bt.m(i, 1);
        R[i] = i;
    }
    for(int i=1;i<n;i++){
        a[i] = K[i-1];
    }
    tr.build(1,m,1);
    long long p;
    for(long long i=1;i<=m;i++){
        for(long long j=r[i];j>=l[i];j--){
            p = bt.bs(j);
            if(j<r[i]){
                bt.m(p, -1);
            }
        }
        p=bt.bs(l[i]);
        nl[i] = bt.bs(l[i]-1)+1;
        nr[i] = p;
        in[nl[i]].pb({i,{nl[i],nr[i]}});
        out[nr[i]].pb({i,{nl[i],nr[i]}});
    }
    nxt[n] = n+1;
    for(long long i=n-1;i>=1;i--){
        if(a[i]>rk){
            nxt[i] = i+1;
        }
        else{
            nxt[i] = nxt[i+1];
        }
    }
    //tr.m(0,{inf,-inf},m);
    long long prev = -1, mx = -1, pos = 1;
    for(long long i=1;i<=n;i++){
        //cout << prev << ',' << nxt[i] << '\n';
        for(auto [id, p]:in[i]){
            tr.m(1,m,1,id,p);
        }
        long long l=0,r=m,ck=0;
        while(l<r){
            long long mm=l+r+1>>1;
            auto [ql,qr,cnt] = tr.q(1,m,1,1,mm);
            if(ql<=prev or qr>=nxt[i]){
                r=mm-1;
            }
            else{
                l=mm;
            }
        }
        long long cnt = tr.q(1,m,1,1,l).cnt;
        //cout << l << ',' << cnt << '\n';
        if(cnt>mx){
            mx=cnt;
            pos=i;
        }
        for(auto [id, p] : out[i]){
            tr.m(1, m, 1, id, {inf,-inf});
        }
        if(a[i]>rk)prev=i;
    }
    return pos-1;
}
#ifdef local
int main() {
    setio();
  long long tmp;
  int N, C, R;
  int *K, *S, *E;
  tmp = scanf("%d %d %d", &N, &C, &R);
  assert(tmp == 3);
  K = (int*) malloc((N-1) * sizeof(int));
  S = (int*) malloc(C * sizeof(int));
  E = (int*) malloc(C * sizeof(int));
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < N-1; i++) {
    tmp = scanf("%d", &K[i]);
    assert(tmp == 1);
  }
  for (i = 0; i < C; i++) {
    tmp = scanf("%d %d", &S[i], &E[i]);
  }
  printf("%d\n", GetBestPosition(N, C, R, K, S, E));
  return 0;
}
#endif
Compilation message (stderr)
tournament.cpp: In member function 'void segtree::build(long long int, long long int, long long int)':
tournament.cpp:57:23: warning: suggest parentheses around '+' inside '>>' [-Wparentheses]
   57 |         long long mm=l+r>>1;
      |                      ~^~
tournament.cpp: In member function 'void segtree::m(long long int, long long int, long long int, long long int, std::pair<long long int, long long int>)':
tournament.cpp:69:25: warning: suggest parentheses around '+' inside '>>' [-Wparentheses]
   69 |         long long mm = l+r>>1;
      |                        ~^~
tournament.cpp: In member function 'segtree::data segtree::q(long long int, long long int, long long int, long long int, long long int)':
tournament.cpp:87:25: warning: suggest parentheses around '+' inside '>>' [-Wparentheses]
   87 |         long long mm = l+r>>1;
      |                        ~^~
tournament.cpp: In function 'int GetBestPosition(int, int, int, int*, int*, int*)':
tournament.cpp:142:29: warning: suggest parentheses around '+' inside '>>' [-Wparentheses]
  142 |             long long mm=l+r+1>>1;
      |                          ~~~^~
tournament.cpp:140:27: warning: unused variable 'ck' [-Wunused-variable]
  140 |         long long l=0,r=m,ck=0;
      |                           ^~
tournament.cpp: In function 'void setio()':
tournament.cpp:9:12: warning: ignoring return value of 'FILE* freopen(const char*, const char*, FILE*)' declared with attribute 'warn_unused_result' [-Wunused-result]
    9 |     freopen("/Users/iantsai/cpp/input.txt","r",stdin);
      |     ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
tournament.cpp:10:12: warning: ignoring return value of 'FILE* freopen(const char*, const char*, FILE*)' declared with attribute 'warn_unused_result' [-Wunused-result]
   10 |     freopen("/Users/iantsai/cpp/output.txt","w",stdout);
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