#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
#define endl '\n'
vector<vector<int>> a;
int clr = 1;
void solve(int l, int r, int u, int d, int k) {
int n = d-u+1, m = r-l+1;
if(n <= 0 || m <= 0) return;
if(k == n*m/4) {
for(int i = u; i <= d; i++) {
for(int j = l; j <= r; j++) {
if((i-u)%2==0) {
if((j-l)%2==0) a[i][j] = clr;
else a[i][j] = clr++;
} else a[i][j] = a[i-1][j];
}
}
} else if(k >= n*m/4-n/2-m/2+2) {
int num = n*m/4-k;
if(num*2 <= m) {
for(int i = l; i < l+num*2; i++) a[u][i] = a[min(d, u+3)][i] = clr;
for(int i = u; i <= min(d, u+3); i++) a[i][l] = a[i][l+num*2-1] = clr;
clr++;
solve(l+1, l+num*2-2, u+1, min(d, u+3)-1, num-1);
solve(l+num*2, r, u, min(d, u+3), r-(l+num*2)+1);
solve(l, r, min(d, u+3)+1, d, k-1-(num-1)-(r-(l+num*2)+1));
} else {
int cols = (num-m/2)*2+4;
for(int i = l; i <= r; i++) a[u][i] = a[u+cols-1][i] = clr;
for(int i = u; i < u+cols; i++) a[i][l] = a[i][r] = clr;
clr++;
solve(l+1, r-1, u+1, u+cols-2, (r-l-1)*(cols-2)/4);
solve(l, r, u+cols, d, k-1-(r-l-1)*(cols-2)/4);
}
} else if(k == n*m/4-n/2-m/2+1) {
if(m >= 8) {
for(int i = l; i <= r-2; i++) a[u][i] = a[d][i] = clr;
for(int i = u; i <= d; i++) a[i][l] = a[i][r-2] = clr;
clr++;
for(int i = l+1; i <= l+4; i++) a[u+1][i] = a[u+4][i] = clr;
for(int i = u+1; i <= u+4; i++) a[i][l+1] = a[i][l+4] = clr;
clr++;
solve(l+2, l+3, u+2, u+3, 1);
solve(l+1, l+4, u+5, d-1, (d-1-u-5+1));
solve(l+5, r-3, u+1, d-1, (r-3-l-5+1)*(d-1-u-1+1)/4);
solve(r-1, r, u, d, k-3-(d-1-u-5+1)-(r-3-l-5+1)*(d-1-u-1+1)/4);
} else {
for(int i = l; i <= r; i++) a[u][i] = a[d-2][i] = clr;
for(int i = u; i <= d-2; i++) a[i][l] = a[i][r] = clr;
clr++;
for(int i = l+1; i <= l+4; i++) a[u+1][i] = a[u+4][i] = clr;
for(int i = u+1; i <= u+4; i++) a[i][l+1] = a[i][l+4] = clr;
clr++;
solve(l+2, l+3, u+2, u+3, 1);
solve(l+1, l+4, u+5, d-3, (d-3-u-5+1));
solve(l, r, d-1, d, k-3-(d-3-u-5+1));
}
} else {
for(int i = l; i <= r; i++) a[u][i] = a[d][i] = clr;
for(int i = u; i <= d; i++) a[i][l] = a[i][r] = clr;
clr++;
solve(l+1, r-1, u+1, d-1, k-1);
}
}
int32_t main() {
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);
cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
int t;
cin >> t;
while(t--) {
int n, m, k;
cin >> n >> m >> k;
if(n % 2 == 1 || m % 2 == 1 || k > n*m/4 || k < max(n, m)/2 || k == n*m/4-1 || (n==m&&k==n/2+1)) {
cout << "NO" << endl;
continue;
}
a.clear();
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
vector<int> v;
for(int j = 0; j < m; j++) v.push_back(0);
a.push_back(v);
}
clr = 1;
solve(0, m-1, 0, n-1, k);
cout << "YES" << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
cout << a[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
}
