#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std ;
//#define int int64_t //be careful about this
#define endl "\n"
#define f(i,a,b) for(int i=int(a);i<int(b);++i)
#define pr pair
#define ar array
#define fr first
#define sc second
#define vt vector
#define pb push_back
#define LB lower_bound
#define UB upper_bound
#define PQ priority_queue
#define sz(x) ((int)(x).size())
#define all(a) (a).begin(),(a).end()
#define allr(a) (a).rbegin(),(a).rend()
#define mem0(a) memset(a, 0, sizeof(a))
#define mem1(a) memset(a, -1, sizeof(a))
template<class A> void rd(vt<A>& v);
template<class T> void rd(T& x){ cin >> x; }
template<class H, class... T> void rd(H& h, T&... t) { rd(h) ; rd(t...) ;}
template<class A> void rd(vt<A>& x) { for(auto& a : x) rd(a) ;}
template<class T> bool ckmin(T& a, const T& b) { return b < a ? a = b, 1 : 0; }
template<class T> bool ckmax(T& a, const T& b) { return a < b ? a = b, 1 : 0; }
template<typename T>
void __p(T a) {
cout<<a;
}
template<typename T, typename F>
void __p(pair<T, F> a) {
cout<<"{";
__p(a.first);
cout<<",";
__p(a.second);
cout<<"}\n";
}
template<typename T>
void __p(std::vector<T> a) {
cout<<"{";
for(auto it=a.begin(); it<a.end(); it++)
__p(*it),cout<<",}\n"[it+1==a.end()];
}
template<typename T, typename ...Arg>
void __p(T a1, Arg ...a) {
__p(a1);
__p(a...);
}
template<typename Arg1>
void __f(const char *name, Arg1 &&arg1) {
cout<<name<<" : ";
__p(arg1);
cout<<endl;
}
template<typename Arg1, typename ... Args>
void __f(const char *names, Arg1 &&arg1, Args &&... args) {
int bracket=0,i=0;
for(;; i++)
if(names[i]==','&&bracket==0)
break;
else if(names[i]=='(')
bracket++;
else if(names[i]==')')
bracket--;
const char *comma=names+i;
cout.write(names,comma-names)<<" : ";
__p(arg1);
cout<<" | ";
__f(comma+1,args...);
}
void setIO(string s = "") {
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
cin.exceptions(cin.failbit);
cout.precision(15); cout << fixed;
#ifdef ONLINE_JUDGE
if(sz(s)){
freopen((s+".in").c_str(),"r",stdin);
freopen((s+".out").c_str(),"w",stdout);
}
#endif
}
/*
*Description :- following gives bridges in a graph.
*Graph may not be connected but graph should be simple for this to work
*Complexity :- O(E+V);
*Verification :- https://judge.yosupo.jp/submission/43660
*/
const int MAX_N = 1e4;
vt<int> g[MAX_N], d(MAX_N,0), par(MAX_N,-1),up(MAX_N,0), down(MAX_N,0), dp(MAX_N);
vt<bool> vis(MAX_N,false);
vt<pr<int,int>> get_bridges(int root){
vt<int> nodes;
vt<pr<int,int>> ans;
function<void(int)> dfs=[&](int i){
for(auto j : g[i]) if(!vis[j]){
par[j] = i ;
d[j] = d[i] + 1;
vis[j] = 1;
nodes.pb(j);
dfs(j);
}
};
vis[root] = true;
d[root] = 0 ;
nodes.pb(root);
dfs(root);
for(auto i : nodes){
for(auto j : g[i]){
if(d[j] > d[i]){
if(d[j] - d[i] > 1) down[i]++;
}else if(d[j] < d[i]){
if(d[i] - d[j] > 1) up[i]++;
}else{
assert(false);
}
}
vis[i] = false ;
}
function<void(int)> dfs2=[&](int i){
dp[i] = up[i] - down[i];
for(auto j : g[i]) if(!vis[j]){
vis[j] = 1; dfs2(j);
dp[i] += dp[j];
}
if(i != root && dp[i] == 0){
ans.pb({par[i],i});
}
};
vis[root] = true;
dfs2(root);
return ans;
}
signed main(){
setIO() ;
int n,m; rd(n,m);
while(m--){
int u,v; rd(u,v); --u,--v;
g[u].pb(v); g[v].pb(u);
}
f(i,0,n){
if(!vis[i]){
auto ans = get_bridges(i);
for(auto e : ans){
cout << e.fr + 1 << ' ' << e.sc + 1 << endl ;
}
}
}
}
# |
Verdict |
Execution time |
Memory |
Grader output |
1 |
Correct |
1 ms |
748 KB |
Output is correct |
2 |
Incorrect |
2 ms |
748 KB |
Wrong number of edges |
# |
Verdict |
Execution time |
Memory |
Grader output |
1 |
Correct |
6 ms |
1388 KB |
Output is correct |
2 |
Incorrect |
6 ms |
1132 KB |
Wrong number of edges |
# |
Verdict |
Execution time |
Memory |
Grader output |
1 |
Correct |
141 ms |
14444 KB |
Output is correct |
2 |
Correct |
139 ms |
13676 KB |
Output is correct |
# |
Verdict |
Execution time |
Memory |
Grader output |
1 |
Runtime error |
266 ms |
22124 KB |
Memory limit exceeded |
2 |
Halted |
0 ms |
0 KB |
- |
# |
Verdict |
Execution time |
Memory |
Grader output |
1 |
Runtime error |
4 ms |
1548 KB |
Execution killed with signal 6 |
2 |
Halted |
0 ms |
0 KB |
- |
# |
Verdict |
Execution time |
Memory |
Grader output |
1 |
Runtime error |
2 ms |
1388 KB |
Execution killed with signal 11 |
2 |
Halted |
0 ms |
0 KB |
- |
# |
Verdict |
Execution time |
Memory |
Grader output |
1 |
Runtime error |
2 ms |
1388 KB |
Execution killed with signal 11 |
2 |
Halted |
0 ms |
0 KB |
- |
# |
Verdict |
Execution time |
Memory |
Grader output |
1 |
Runtime error |
2 ms |
1388 KB |
Execution killed with signal 11 |
2 |
Halted |
0 ms |
0 KB |
- |
# |
Verdict |
Execution time |
Memory |
Grader output |
1 |
Runtime error |
2 ms |
1388 KB |
Execution killed with signal 11 |
2 |
Halted |
0 ms |
0 KB |
- |
# |
Verdict |
Execution time |
Memory |
Grader output |
1 |
Runtime error |
2 ms |
1388 KB |
Execution killed with signal 11 |
2 |
Halted |
0 ms |
0 KB |
- |