#include "secret.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <random>
#include <bitset>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <deque>
#include <queue>
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); i++)
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using ul = unsigned long long;
using ld = long double;
const int N = 1000, L = 10;
int d[L][N + 1];
void Init(int n, int a[]) {
for (int i = 0; (1 << i) <= n; i++) {
int pw = 1 << i;
for (int j = pw; j <= n; j += pw * 2) {
d[i][j - 1] = a[j - 1];
if (j < n)
d[i][j] = a[j];
for (int k = j - 2; k >= j - pw; k--)
d[i][k] = Secret(a[k], d[i][k + 1]);
for (int k = j + 1; k < min(n, j + pw); k++)
d[i][k] = Secret(d[i][k - 1], a[k]);
}
}
}
int Query(int l, int r) {
if (l == r)
return d[0][l];
int x = l ^ r, pos = 0;
while ((2 << pos) <= x)
pos++;
return Secret(d[pos][l], d[pos][r]);
}
