#include "migrations.h"
//ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴘᴇʀꜱᴏɴ ᴡɪʟʟ ᴏɴʟʏ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴡʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴇɴᴅᴇᴀᴠᴏᴜʀᴇᴅ ᴛᴏᴡᴀʀᴅꜱ [53:39]
//Author: Sazid Hasan
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef double dl;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<vector<int>> vii;
typedef vector<ll> vl;
typedef vector<bool> vb;
typedef pair<int,int> pii;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
#define ff first
#define ss second
#define all(a) a.begin(),a.end()
#define gcd(a,b) __gcd(a,b)
#define lcm(a,b) (a*(b/gcd(a,b)))
#define spc " "
#ifdef ONLINE_JUDGE
#define debarr(array)
#define deb(x)
#define del
#else
#define debarr(array) for(int w = 0; w < array.size(); w++) cerr << #array << "-" << w << " = " << array[w] << endl;
#define deb(x) cerr << #x << " = " << x << endl;
#define del cerr << '\n';
#endif
const double PI = acos(-1);
const int MOD = 1000000007;
const int inf = (2147483647);
pair<int, int> mx;
vi depth(10005, 0);
int send_message(int N, int i, int Pi) {
if(i==1){
mx = {0, -1};
depth.assign(N+5, 0);
}
depth[i] = depth[Pi] + 1;
if(depth[i]>mx.ff) mx = {depth[i], i};
if(i==N-1){
return mx.ss-1;
}
return 0;
}
std::pair<int, int> longest_path(std::vector<int> S) {
int N = S.size();
return {0, S[N-1]+1};
}