#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
signed main(){
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
int t; cin>>t;
while(t--){
int n,m,k; cin>>n>>m>>k;
if(k>(n>>1)*(m>>1)) cout<<"NO\n";
else{
cout<<"YES\n";
int s[n][m];
for(int i=1;i<n;i+=2) for(int j=1;j<m;j+=2)
s[i-1][j-1]=((i>>1)*(m>>1)+(j>>1))%k+1,
s[i-1][j]=((i>>1)*(m>>1)+(j>>1))%k+1,
s[i][j-1]=((i>>1)*(m>>1)+(j>>1))%k+1,
s[i][j]=((i>>1)*(m>>1)+(j>>1))%k+1;
for(int i=0;i<n;++i) s[i][m-1]=s[i][m-2];
for(int j=0;j<m;++j) s[n-1][j]=s[n-2][j];
for(int i=0;i<n;++i){
for(int j=0;j<m;++j) cout<<s[i][j]<<" ";
cout<<'\n';
}
}
}
return 0;
}
