답안 #1028272

# 제출 시각 아이디 문제 언어 결과 실행 시간 메모리
1028272 2024-07-19T15:44:16 Z anango Boarding Passes (BOI22_passes) C++17
60 / 100
2000 ms 251136 KB
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define int long long
using namespace std;
int INF = 1LL<<62;
 
void solve() {
 
    string S; cin >> S;
    int n = S.size();
    vector<int> ar(n); for (int i=0; i<n; i++) ar[i] = (S[i]-'A');
    int G = *max_element(ar.begin(), ar.end()); G++;
    int pref[n+1][G]; //count of character c, before index i
    int suff[n+1][G]; //count of character c, after or equal to index i
    for (int i=0; i<=n; i++) {
        for (int j=0; j<G; j++) {
            pref[i][j] = suff[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
        for (int j=0; j<G; j++) {
            if (j==ar[i]) {
                pref[i+1][j] = pref[i][j]+1;
            }
            else {
                pref[i+1][j] = pref[i][j];
            }
        }
    }
    
    for (int i=n-1; i>=0; i--) {
        for (int j=0; j<G; j++) {
            if (j==ar[i]) {
                suff[i][j] = suff[i+1][j]+1;
            }
            else {
                suff[i][j] = suff[i+1][j];
            }
        }
    }
    //everyone before L boards from the front, everyone after or equal to it boards from the back. 
    vector<vector<int>> counts(G,vector<int>(G,0));     //counts[i][j] = sum of subsequences of (i,j) before l, and subsequences of (j,i) after L
    //counts[i][j] = sum of pref[k][j] for k<=L and ar[k]=i, and analogous expression for the suffix
    //first, get initial count values (for everyone boarding from the back)
    //and assuming that these are already boarded since the back breaker may not be the same for each group - that was false assumption
    //so precomp counts then ternary search on the breakpoint
    for (int j=0; j<G; j++) {
        for (int k=0; k<n; k++) {
            int i = ar[k];
            //cout << "adding " << i <<" " << j <<" " << k <<" " << j << " " << suff[k][j] << endl;
            counts[i][j] += suff[k+1][j];
        }
    }
    vector<vector<vector<int>>> acounts;
    acounts.push_back(counts);
    for (int L=0; L<n; L++) {
 
        //counts[i][j] = number of swaps required if i goes after j
 
 
 
        //transfer L to the right
        int cur = ar[L];
        for (int j=0; j<G; j++) {
            int delta = suff[L+1][j];
            int delta2 = pref[L][j];
            counts[cur][j] -= delta-delta2;
        }
        acounts.push_back(counts);
        
        /*cout << "TRANSFERRED TO " << L+1 << endl;
        for (int i=0; i<G; i++) {
            for (int j=0; j<G; j++) {
                cout << i <<" " << j <<" " << counts[i][j] << endl;
            }
        }
        cout << endl;*/
    }
    vector<int> dp;
    dp=vector<int>(1<<G,INF); //dp[mask] = min cost if this mask is at the beginning of the ordering
    dp[0] = 0;
    for (int mask=0; mask<1<<G; mask++) {
        for (int addon=0; addon<G; addon++) {
            if (mask&(1<<addon)) continue;
            int l = 0; int r = n;
            while (l<r) {
                int m1,m2;
                if (r-l>55) {
                    m1 = l+(r-l)/9;
                    m2 = r-(r-l)/9;
                }
                else {
                    m1 = l;
                    m2 = r;
                }
                int am1 = 0;
                for (int j=0; j<G; j++) {
                    if (mask&(1<<j)) {
                        am1+=2*acounts[m1][addon][j];
                    }
                    if (j==addon) {
                        am1+=acounts[m1][addon][j];
                    }
                }
                int am2 = 0;
                for (int j=0; j<G; j++) {
                    if (mask&(1<<j)) {
                        am2+=2*acounts[m2][addon][j];
                    }
                    if (j==addon) {
                        am2+=acounts[m2][addon][j];
                    }
                }
                //cout << "adding " << mask <<" " << addon <<" " << l <<" " << r <<" " << m1 <<" " << m2 <<" " << am1 <<" " << am2 << endl;
                if (am1>am2) {
                    l=m1+1; r=r;
                }
                else if (am1<am2) {
                    l=l; r=m2-1;
                }
                else {
                    l=m1+1; r=m2;
                }
                //cout << mask <<" " << addon <<" " << al <<endl;
            }
            int al = 0;
            for (int j=0; j<G; j++) {
                if (mask&(1<<j)) {
                    al+=2*acounts[l][addon][j];
                }
                if (j==addon) {
                    al+=acounts[l][addon][j];
                }
            }
            dp[mask | (1<<addon)] = min(dp[mask | (1<<addon)],dp[mask]+al);
        }
    }
    int ans=dp[(1<<G)-1];
 
    int a2 = ans/2;
    cout << a2;
    if (ans%2==1) cout << ".50";
    cout << endl;
}
 
signed main() {
    int local=0;
    if (local) {
        // for getting input from input.txt
        freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
        // for writing output to output.txt
        freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);
    }
    /*#ifdef ONLINE_JUDGE
    	ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    	cin.tie(NULL);
    #endif*/ //fast IO
    solve();
    
}
 

Compilation message

passes.cpp: In function 'int main()':
passes.cpp:149:16: warning: ignoring return value of 'FILE* freopen(const char*, const char*, FILE*)' declared with attribute 'warn_unused_result' [-Wunused-result]
  149 |         freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
      |         ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
passes.cpp:151:16: warning: ignoring return value of 'FILE* freopen(const char*, const char*, FILE*)' declared with attribute 'warn_unused_result' [-Wunused-result]
  151 |         freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);
      |         ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
# 결과 실행 시간 메모리 Grader output
1 Correct 0 ms 344 KB found '100800.5000000000', expected '100800.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
2 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '0.0000000000', expected '0.0000000000', error '-0.0000000000'
3 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '0.0000000000', expected '0.0000000000', error '-0.0000000000'
4 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1.0000000000', expected '1.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
5 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '124002.0000000000', expected '124002.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
6 Correct 11 ms 9484 KB found '772893586.0000000000', expected '772893586.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
7 Correct 13 ms 10784 KB found '1100977812.5000000000', expected '1100977812.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
8 Correct 15 ms 11276 KB found '1249950000.5000000000', expected '1249950000.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
9 Correct 16 ms 11500 KB found '1249975000.0000000000', expected '1249975000.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
# 결과 실행 시간 메모리 Grader output
1 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1.0000000000', expected '1.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
2 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1225.0000000000', expected '1225.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
3 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1023.0000000000', expected '1023.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
4 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '294.0000000000', expected '294.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
5 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1087.0000000000', expected '1087.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
6 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1.5000000000', expected '1.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
7 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '703.0000000000', expected '703.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
8 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '55.5000000000', expected '55.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
9 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '56.0000000000', expected '56.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
10 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '45.0000000000', expected '45.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
11 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '66.5000000000', expected '66.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
12 Correct 1 ms 448 KB found '67.0000000000', expected '67.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
13 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '66.0000000000', expected '66.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
14 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '47.0000000000', expected '47.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
15 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '50.0000000000', expected '50.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
16 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '49.0000000000', expected '49.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
17 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '57.0000000000', expected '57.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
# 결과 실행 시간 메모리 Grader output
1 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1.0000000000', expected '1.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
2 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1225.0000000000', expected '1225.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
3 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1023.0000000000', expected '1023.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
4 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '294.0000000000', expected '294.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
5 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1087.0000000000', expected '1087.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
6 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1.5000000000', expected '1.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
7 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '703.0000000000', expected '703.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
8 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '55.5000000000', expected '55.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
9 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '56.0000000000', expected '56.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
10 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '45.0000000000', expected '45.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
11 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '66.5000000000', expected '66.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
12 Correct 1 ms 448 KB found '67.0000000000', expected '67.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
13 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '66.0000000000', expected '66.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
14 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '47.0000000000', expected '47.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
15 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '50.0000000000', expected '50.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
16 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '49.0000000000', expected '49.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
17 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '57.0000000000', expected '57.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
18 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1.0000000000', expected '1.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
19 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1225.0000000000', expected '1225.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
20 Correct 2 ms 348 KB found '1023.0000000000', expected '1023.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
21 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '294.0000000000', expected '294.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
22 Correct 1 ms 508 KB found '1087.0000000000', expected '1087.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
23 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1.5000000000', expected '1.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
24 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '703.0000000000', expected '703.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
25 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '55.5000000000', expected '55.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
26 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '56.0000000000', expected '56.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
27 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '45.0000000000', expected '45.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
28 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '66.5000000000', expected '66.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
29 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '67.0000000000', expected '67.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
30 Correct 1 ms 344 KB found '66.0000000000', expected '66.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
31 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '47.0000000000', expected '47.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
32 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '50.0000000000', expected '50.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
33 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '49.0000000000', expected '49.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
34 Correct 1 ms 344 KB found '57.0000000000', expected '57.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
35 Correct 9 ms 10136 KB found '12497500.0000000000', expected '12497500.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
36 Correct 8 ms 10200 KB found '12495000.5000000000', expected '12495000.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
37 Correct 28 ms 14232 KB found '12223392.0000000000', expected '12223392.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
38 Correct 27 ms 14112 KB found '2372500.0000000000', expected '2372500.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
39 Correct 19 ms 14232 KB found '12475017.5000000000', expected '12475017.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
40 Correct 21 ms 14192 KB found '10655706.0000000000', expected '10655706.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
41 Correct 24 ms 13716 KB found '11977895.5000000000', expected '11977895.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
42 Correct 25 ms 13720 KB found '11977865.0000000000', expected '11977865.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
43 Correct 24 ms 13720 KB found '11977907.5000000000', expected '11977907.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
44 Correct 35 ms 13720 KB found '11977808.0000000000', expected '11977808.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
45 Correct 27 ms 13720 KB found '11977791.0000000000', expected '11977791.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
46 Correct 25 ms 13960 KB found '11977871.5000000000', expected '11977871.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
# 결과 실행 시간 메모리 Grader output
1 Correct 0 ms 344 KB found '100800.5000000000', expected '100800.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
2 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '0.0000000000', expected '0.0000000000', error '-0.0000000000'
3 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '0.0000000000', expected '0.0000000000', error '-0.0000000000'
4 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1.0000000000', expected '1.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
5 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '124002.0000000000', expected '124002.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
6 Correct 11 ms 9484 KB found '772893586.0000000000', expected '772893586.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
7 Correct 13 ms 10784 KB found '1100977812.5000000000', expected '1100977812.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
8 Correct 15 ms 11276 KB found '1249950000.5000000000', expected '1249950000.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
9 Correct 16 ms 11500 KB found '1249975000.0000000000', expected '1249975000.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
10 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1.0000000000', expected '1.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
11 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1225.0000000000', expected '1225.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
12 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1023.0000000000', expected '1023.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
13 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '294.0000000000', expected '294.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
14 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1087.0000000000', expected '1087.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
15 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1.5000000000', expected '1.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
16 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '703.0000000000', expected '703.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
17 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '55.5000000000', expected '55.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
18 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '56.0000000000', expected '56.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
19 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '45.0000000000', expected '45.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
20 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '66.5000000000', expected '66.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
21 Correct 1 ms 448 KB found '67.0000000000', expected '67.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
22 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '66.0000000000', expected '66.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
23 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '47.0000000000', expected '47.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
24 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '50.0000000000', expected '50.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
25 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '49.0000000000', expected '49.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
26 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '57.0000000000', expected '57.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
27 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1.0000000000', expected '1.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
28 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1225.0000000000', expected '1225.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
29 Correct 2 ms 348 KB found '1023.0000000000', expected '1023.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
30 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '294.0000000000', expected '294.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
31 Correct 1 ms 508 KB found '1087.0000000000', expected '1087.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
32 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1.5000000000', expected '1.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
33 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '703.0000000000', expected '703.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
34 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '55.5000000000', expected '55.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
35 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '56.0000000000', expected '56.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
36 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '45.0000000000', expected '45.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
37 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '66.5000000000', expected '66.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
38 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '67.0000000000', expected '67.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
39 Correct 1 ms 344 KB found '66.0000000000', expected '66.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
40 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '47.0000000000', expected '47.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
41 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '50.0000000000', expected '50.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
42 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '49.0000000000', expected '49.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
43 Correct 1 ms 344 KB found '57.0000000000', expected '57.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
44 Correct 9 ms 10136 KB found '12497500.0000000000', expected '12497500.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
45 Correct 8 ms 10200 KB found '12495000.5000000000', expected '12495000.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
46 Correct 28 ms 14232 KB found '12223392.0000000000', expected '12223392.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
47 Correct 27 ms 14112 KB found '2372500.0000000000', expected '2372500.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
48 Correct 19 ms 14232 KB found '12475017.5000000000', expected '12475017.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
49 Correct 21 ms 14192 KB found '10655706.0000000000', expected '10655706.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
50 Correct 24 ms 13716 KB found '11977895.5000000000', expected '11977895.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
51 Correct 25 ms 13720 KB found '11977865.0000000000', expected '11977865.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
52 Correct 24 ms 13720 KB found '11977907.5000000000', expected '11977907.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
53 Correct 35 ms 13720 KB found '11977808.0000000000', expected '11977808.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
54 Correct 27 ms 13720 KB found '11977791.0000000000', expected '11977791.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
55 Correct 25 ms 13960 KB found '11977871.5000000000', expected '11977871.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
56 Correct 156 ms 600 KB found '7.5000000000', expected '7.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
57 Correct 294 ms 604 KB found '0.0000000000', expected '0.0000000000', error '-0.0000000000'
58 Correct 0 ms 344 KB found '100800.5000000000', expected '100800.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
59 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '0.0000000000', expected '0.0000000000', error '-0.0000000000'
60 Correct 0 ms 344 KB found '0.0000000000', expected '0.0000000000', error '-0.0000000000'
61 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1.0000000000', expected '1.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
62 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '124002.0000000000', expected '124002.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
63 Correct 12 ms 9488 KB found '772893586.0000000000', expected '772893586.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
64 Correct 13 ms 10764 KB found '1100977812.5000000000', expected '1100977812.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
65 Correct 14 ms 11276 KB found '1249950000.5000000000', expected '1249950000.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
66 Correct 17 ms 11388 KB found '1249975000.0000000000', expected '1249975000.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
67 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1.0000000000', expected '1.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
68 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '1225.0000000000', expected '1225.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
69 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1023.0000000000', expected '1023.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
70 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '294.0000000000', expected '294.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
71 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1087.0000000000', expected '1087.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
72 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '1.5000000000', expected '1.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
73 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '703.0000000000', expected '703.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
74 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '55.5000000000', expected '55.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
75 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '56.0000000000', expected '56.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
76 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '45.0000000000', expected '45.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
77 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '66.5000000000', expected '66.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
78 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '67.0000000000', expected '67.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
79 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '66.0000000000', expected '66.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
80 Correct 0 ms 348 KB found '47.0000000000', expected '47.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
81 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '50.0000000000', expected '50.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
82 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '49.0000000000', expected '49.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
83 Correct 1 ms 348 KB found '57.0000000000', expected '57.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
84 Correct 10 ms 10136 KB found '12497500.0000000000', expected '12497500.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
85 Correct 9 ms 10136 KB found '12495000.5000000000', expected '12495000.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
86 Correct 37 ms 14232 KB found '12223392.0000000000', expected '12223392.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
87 Correct 22 ms 14248 KB found '2372500.0000000000', expected '2372500.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
88 Correct 29 ms 14228 KB found '12475017.5000000000', expected '12475017.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
89 Correct 24 ms 13976 KB found '10655706.0000000000', expected '10655706.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
90 Correct 32 ms 13936 KB found '11977895.5000000000', expected '11977895.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
91 Correct 25 ms 13956 KB found '11977865.0000000000', expected '11977865.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
92 Correct 35 ms 13720 KB found '11977907.5000000000', expected '11977907.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
93 Correct 25 ms 13720 KB found '11977808.0000000000', expected '11977808.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
94 Correct 25 ms 13720 KB found '11977791.0000000000', expected '11977791.0000000000', error '0.0000000000'
95 Correct 28 ms 13720 KB found '11977871.5000000000', expected '11977871.5000000000', error '0.0000000000'
96 Execution timed out 2005 ms 251136 KB Time limit exceeded
97 Halted 0 ms 0 KB -