#include "secret.h"
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
#define pb push_back
#define fi first
#define si second
typedef pair<int,int> pi;
typedef tuple<int,int,int> ti;
void debug_out() {cerr<<endl;}
template <typename Head, typename... Tail>
void debug_out(Head _H, Tail... _T) {cerr<<" "<<to_string(_H);debug_out(_T...);}
#define debug(...) cerr<<"["<<#__VA_ARGS__<<"]:",debug_out(__VA_ARGS__)
mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
int n, arr[1010];
int t[10][1010];
int mask[1010];
void build(int l, int r, int level) {
if (l == r) return;
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
t[level][m] = arr[m];
for (int i = m - 1; i >= l; --i) t[level][i] = Secret(arr[i], t[level][i + 1]);
t[level][m + 1] = arr[m + 1];
for (int i = m + 2; i <= r; ++i) t[level][i] = Secret(arr[i], t[level][i - 1]);
for (int i = m + 1; i <= r; ++i) mask[i] ^= (1 << level);
build(l, m, level + 1);
build(m + 1, r, level + 1);
}
void Init(int N, int A[]) {
n = N;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) arr[i] = A[i];
build(0, n - 1, 1);
}
int Query(int L, int R) {
if (L == R) return arr[L];
int bits = __builtin_ctz(mask[L] ^ mask[R]);
return Secret(t[bits][L], t[bits][R]);
}
