This submission is migrated from previous version of oj.uz, which used different machine for grading. This submission may have different result if resubmitted.
// Om Namah Shivaya
// GM in 107 days
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>
#include <ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace __gnu_pbds;
template <class T> using Tree = tree<T, null_type, less<T>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update>;
typedef long long int ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
#define fastio ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL)
#define endl '\n'
#define pb push_back
#define conts continue
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define rall(a) a.rbegin(), a.rend()
#define yes cout << "Yes" << endl
#define no cout << "No" << endl
#define ff first
#define ss second
#define ceil2(x,y) ((x+y-1) / (y))
#define sz(a) a.size()
#define setbits(x) __builtin_popcountll(x)
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
#define debug(x) cout << #x <<" = "; print(x); cout << endl
#else
#define debug(x)
#endif
#define rep(i,n) for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
#define rep1(i,n) for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
#define rev(i,s,e) for(int i = s; i >= e; --i)
#define trav(i,a) for(auto &i : a)
bool iseven(ll n) {if ((n & 1) == 0) return true; return false;}
void print(ll t) {cout << t;}
void print(int t) {cout << t;}
void print(string t) {cout << t;}
void print(char t) {cout << t;}
void print(double t) {cout << t;}
void print(ld t) {cout << t;}
template <class T, class V> void print(pair <T, V> p);
template <class T> void print(vector <T> v);
template <class T> void print(set <T> v);
template <class T, class V> void print(map <T, V> v);
template <class T> void print(multiset <T> v);
template <class T, class V> void print(pair <T, V> p) {cout << "{"; print(p.ff); cout << ","; print(p.ss); cout << "}";}
template <class T> void print(vector <T> v) {cout << "[ "; for (T i : v) {print(i); cout << " ";} cout << "]";}
template <class T> void print(set <T> v) {cout << "[ "; for (T i : v) {print(i); cout << " ";} cout << "]";}
template <class T> void print(multiset <T> v) {cout << "[ "; for (T i : v) {print(i); cout << " ";} cout << "]";}
template <class T, class V> void print(map <T, V> v) {cout << "[ "; for (auto i : v) {print(i); cout << " ";} cout << "]";}
template<typename T> void amin(T &a, T b) { a = min(a, b); }
template<typename T> void amax(T &a, T b) { a = max(a, b); }
void usaco(string filename) {
freopen((filename + ".in").c_str(), "r", stdin);
freopen((filename + ".out").c_str(), "w", stdout);
}
const int MOD = 1e9 + 7;
const int maxn = 5000;
const int inf1 = 1e9 + 5;
const ll inf2 = ll(1e18) + 5;
int n, m;
vector<array<int, 3>> edges;
vector<int> start(maxn, inf1), tin(maxn), low(maxn, inf1);
bitset<maxn> vis;
int timer = 1;
void dfs(int node, int previd) {
vis[node] = 1;
tin[node] = low[node] = timer++;
int pos = start[node];
for (int i = pos; i < m and edges[i][0] == node; ++i) {
int child = edges[i][1], id = edges[i][2];
if (vis[child]) {
if (id != previd) {
// back edge
amin(low[node], tin[child]);
}
}
else {
dfs(child, id);
amin(low[node], low[child]);
if (node == 0 and child == 4) {
debug(tin[node]);
debug(low[child]);
}
if (low[child] > tin[node]) {
// bridge
cout << node + 1 << " " << child + 1 << endl;
}
}
}
}
void solve(int test_case)
{
// http://lagodiuk.github.io/computer_science/2016/12/19/efficient_adjacency_lists_in_c.html
cin >> n >> m;
rep(i, m) {
int u, v; cin >> u >> v;
u--, v--;
edges.pb({u, v, i});
edges.pb({v, u, i});
}
m *= 2;
sort(all(edges));
start[edges[0][0]] = 0;
rep1(i, m - 1) {
if (edges[i][0] != edges[i - 1][0]) {
start[edges[i][0]] = i;
}
}
rep(i, n) {
if (vis[i]) conts;
dfs(i, -1);
}
}
int main()
{
fastio;
int t = 1;
// cin >> t;
rep1(i, t) {
solve(i);
}
return 0;
}
Compilation message (stderr)
pipes.cpp: In function 'void usaco(std::string)':
pipes.cpp:64:12: warning: ignoring return value of 'FILE* freopen(const char*, const char*, FILE*)' declared with attribute 'warn_unused_result' [-Wunused-result]
64 | freopen((filename + ".in").c_str(), "r", stdin);
| ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
pipes.cpp:65:12: warning: ignoring return value of 'FILE* freopen(const char*, const char*, FILE*)' declared with attribute 'warn_unused_result' [-Wunused-result]
65 | freopen((filename + ".out").c_str(), "w", stdout);
| ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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