// gardening_100_tamio.cpp
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// 38 6 36
template <typename T>
void build(int n, int m, int k, T it) {
auto print_rect = [&](int i0, int i1, int j0, int j1) {
for (int i = i0; i <= i1; ++i) it[i][j0] = it[i][j1] = k;
for (int j = j0; j <= j1; ++j) it[i0][j] = it[i1][j] = k;
--k;
};
auto do_all_sq = [&]() {
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
for (int j = 0
; j < m; ++j)
if (it[i][j] == 0) print_rect(i, i + 1, j, j + 1);
};
int critical = ((n - 2) / 2) * ((m - 2) / 2) + 1;
if (k == (n / 2) * m / 2)
do_all_sq();
else if (k > critical) {
int diff = k - critical, diff_i = min(diff, (n - 4) / 2),
diff_j = diff - diff_i;
print_rect(0, n - 2 * diff_i - 1, 0, m - 2 * diff_j - 1);
do_all_sq();
} else if (k == critical - 1) {
if (n < m) {
print_rect(0, n - 1, 0, m - 3);
print_rect(1, 4, 1, 4);
do_all_sq();
} else {
print_rect(0, n - 3, 0, m - 1);
print_rect(1, 4, 1, 4);
do_all_sq();
}
} else {
print_rect(0, n - 1, 0, m - 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) ++it[i];
build(n - 2, m - 2, k, it + 1);
}
}
#ifdef TESTING
#define DEF_ENV(name) int env_##name = atoi(getenv(#name))
#endif
int main() {
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(nullptr);
int t;
cin >> t;
#ifdef TESTING
long long s = 0;
DEF_ENV(N);
DEF_ENV(M);
DEF_ENV(eq);
#endif
while (t--) {
int n, m, k;
cin >> n >> m >> k;
#ifdef TESTING
assert(1 <= n && n <= 200000);
assert(1 <= m && m <= 200000);
assert(1 <= k && k <= (long long)n * m);
assert(1 <= n && n <= env_N);
assert(1 <= m && m <= env_M);
assert(!env_eq || n == m);
#endif
if (n % 2 == 1 || m % 2 == 1 || k < max(n / 2, m / 2) ||
k > (n / 2) * (m / 2) || k == (n / 2) * (m / 2) - 1 ||
(n == m && k == n / 2 + 1))
cout << "NO\n";
else {
cout << "YES\n";
#ifdef TESTING
s += (long long)n * m;
assert(s <= 200000);
#endif
vector<vector<int>> buf(n, vector<int>(m, 0));
vector<vector<int>::iterator> its;
transform(begin(buf), end(buf), back_inserter(its),
[](vector<int>& v) { return begin(v); });
build(n, m, k, begin(its));
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) cout << buf[i][j] << ' ';
cout << '\n';
}
cout << flush;
}
}
return 0;
}
