This submission is migrated from previous version of oj.uz, which used different machine for grading. This submission may have different result if resubmitted.
/*
ID: varunra2
LANG: C++
TASK: pipes
*/
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#ifdef DEBUG
#include "lib/debug.h"
#define debug(...) cerr << "[" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]:", debug_out(__VA_ARGS__)
#define debug_arr(...) \
cerr << "[" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]:", debug_arr(__VA_ARGS__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
//#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
//#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
#else
#define debug(...) 42
#endif
#define EPS 1e-9
#define IN(A, B, C) assert(B <= A && A <= C)
#define INF (int)1e9
#define MEM(a, b) memset(a, (b), sizeof(a))
#define MOD 1000000007
#define MP make_pair
#define PB push_back
#define all(cont) cont.begin(), cont.end()
#define rall(cont) cont.end(), cont.begin()
#define x first
#define y second
const double PI = acos(-1.0);
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef map<int, int> MPII;
typedef multiset<int> MSETI;
typedef set<int> SETI;
typedef set<string> SETS;
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef vector<PII> VII;
typedef vector<VI> VVI;
typedef vector<string> VS;
#define rep(i, a, b) for (int i = a; i < (b); ++i)
#define trav(a, x) for (auto& a : x)
#define sz(x) (int)(x).size()
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef vector<int> vi;
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
// util functions
int n, m; // number of nodes
vector<vector<int>> adj; // adjacency list of graph
vector<bool> visited;
vector<int> tin, low;
int timer;
VII ret;
void IS_BRIDGE(int u, int v) {
// debug("here");
ret.PB(MP(u, v));
}
void dfs(int v, int p = -1) {
visited[v] = true;
tin[v] = low[v] = timer++;
for (int to : adj[v]) {
if (to == p) continue;
if (visited[to]) {
low[v] = min(low[v], tin[to]);
} else {
dfs(to, v);
low[v] = min(low[v], low[to]);
if (low[to] > tin[v]) IS_BRIDGE(v, to);
}
}
}
void find_bridges() {
timer = 0;
visited.assign(n, false);
tin.assign(n, -1);
low.assign(n, -1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
if (!visited[i]) dfs(i);
}
}
void init() { adj.resize(n); }
struct dsu {
VI par;
VI siz;
void init(int n) {
par.resize(n);
siz.resize(n);
rep(i, 0, n) par[i] = i, siz[i] = 1;
}
int find(int x) {
if (par[x] != par[par[x]]) par[x] = par[par[x]];
return par[x];
}
bool merge(int x, int y) {
// debug("here");
x = find(x);
y = find(y);
if (x == y) return false;
if (siz[y] > siz[x]) swap(x, y);
siz[x] += siz[y];
par[y] = x;
return true;
}
};
int main() {
// #ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
// freopen("pipes.in", "r", stdin);
// freopen("pipes.out", "w", stdout);
// #endif
cin.sync_with_stdio(0);
cin.tie(0);
cin >> n >> m;
dsu dsu1;
dsu dsu2;
init();
dsu1.init(n);
dsu2.init(n);
int u, v;
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
cin >> u >> v;
u--, v--;
if (dsu1.merge(u, v)) {
// debug("here");
adj[u].PB(v);
adj[v].PB(u);
} else {
if (dsu2.merge(u, v)) {
// debug("here");
adj[u].PB(v);
adj[v].PB(u);
}
}
}
// debug(adj);
find_bridges();
sort(all(ret));
trav(x, ret) { cout << x.x + 1 << " " << x.y + 1 << '\n'; }
return 0;
}
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