#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#pragma GCC target("avx2")
#pragma GCC optimize("O3")
#pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops")
using namespace std;
struct Node
{
int minpoz;
int st, dr;
};
struct Query
{
int left, right, ind;
};
int n, q;
int cnt, ind;
int v[600005];
pair<int, int> qs[600005];
Node pool[15000005];
int root[600005];
vector<Query> qs_mex[400005];
int bin[23][600005];
int frec[400005];
int nxt[600005];
vector<int> vec[600005];
vector<pair<int, int>> qs_node[600005];
int path[600005];
vector<int> rez;
void update(int cur, int prev, int left, int right, int poz, int val)
{
if(left == right)
{
pool[cur].minpoz = val;
return;
}
int mij = (left + right) / 2;
if(poz <= mij)
{
cnt++;
pool[cur].st = cnt;
pool[pool[cur].st] = pool[pool[prev].st];
pool[cur].dr = pool[prev].dr;
update(pool[cur].st, pool[prev].st, left, mij, poz, val);
}
else
{
cnt++;
pool[cur].dr = cnt;
pool[pool[cur].dr] = pool[pool[prev].dr];
pool[cur].st = pool[prev].st;
update(pool[cur].dr, pool[prev].dr, mij+1, right, poz, val);
}
pool[cur].minpoz = min(pool[pool[cur].st].minpoz, pool[pool[cur].dr].minpoz);
}
int find_mex(int node, int left, int right, int st)
{
if(left == right)
{
return left;
}
int mij = (left + right) / 2;
if(pool[pool[node].st].minpoz < st)
{
return find_mex(pool[node].st, left, mij, st);
}
else
{
return find_mex(pool[node].dr, mij+1, right, st);
}
}
int query(int node, int left, int right, int qleft, int qright)
{
if(qright < left || right < qleft)
{
return n + 1;
}
if(qleft <= left && right <= qright)
{
return pool[node].minpoz;
}
int mij = (left + right) / 2;
return min(query(pool[node].st, left, mij, qleft, qright),
query(pool[node].dr, mij+1, right, qleft, qright));
}
void dfs(int nod)
{
path[ind] = nod - 1;
ind++;
for(auto it: qs_node[nod])
{
int left = it.first - 1;
int poz = lower_bound(path, path + ind, left) - path;
int ans = ind - poz - 1;
if(ans < 0) ans = 0; //nu cred ca se intampla
rez[it.second - 1] = ans;
}
for(auto it: vec[nod])
{
dfs(it);
}
ind--;
}
std::vector<int> solve(int N, std::vector<int> &init, int Q, std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> &initqs)
{
n = N;
q = Q;
for(int i = 0; i<n; i++)
{
v[i + 1] = init[i];
}
for(int i = 0; i<q; i++)
{
qs[i + 1] = initqs[i];
qs[i + 1].first++;
qs[i + 1].second++;
}
for(int i = 1; i<=n; i++)
{
cnt++;
root[i] = cnt;
update(root[i], root[i - 1], 1, 4e5 + 1, v[i], i);
}
rez.resize(q);
for(int i = 1; i<=q; i++)
{
int mex = find_mex(root[qs[i].second], 1, 4e5 + 1, qs[i].first);
if(mex == 1)
{
rez[i - 1] = qs[i].second - qs[i].first + 1;
continue;
}
qs_mex[mex].push_back({qs[i].first, qs[i].second, i});
}
for(int i = 2; i<=400001; i++)
{
if(qs_mex[i].size() == 0)
{
continue;
}
long long cost_sim = 1LL * qs_mex[i].size() * (n / i) * 15LL;
long long cost_bin = 1LL * n;
if(cost_bin > cost_sim) //simulez simplu
{
for(auto it: qs_mex[i])
{
int ans = 0;
int cur = it.right;
while(cur >= it.left)
{
int nxt = query(root[cur], 1, 4e5 + 1, 1, i - 1);
if(nxt < it.left)
{
break;
}
ans++;
cur = nxt - 1;
}
rez[it.ind - 1] = ans;
}
}
else
{
for(int j = 1; j<=i; j++)
{
frec[j] = 0;
}
int st = 1;
int dr = 1;
int distinct = 0;
while(dr <= n)
{
if(v[dr] < i)
{
frec[v[dr]]++;
if(frec[v[dr]] == 1)
{
distinct++;
}
}
while(distinct >= i - 1)
{
if(v[st] < i)
{
if(frec[v[st]] == 1)
{
if(distinct == i - 1)
{
break;
}
distinct--;
}
frec[v[st]]--;
}
st++;
}
if(distinct == i - 1)
{
nxt[dr] = st;
}
else
{
nxt[dr] = 0;
}
dr++;
}
for(int j = 0; j<=n + 1; j++)
{
vec[i].clear();
qs_node[i].clear();
}
for(int j = 1; j<=n; j++)
{
int p = nxt[j] - 1;
if(p < 0) p = -1;
vec[p + 1].push_back(j);
}
for(auto it: qs_mex[i])
{
qs_node[it.right + 1].push_back({it.left, it.ind});
}
ind = 0;
dfs(0);
dfs(1);
}
}
return rez;
}
