#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define ios ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0)
#define file(s) if (fopen(s".in", "r")) freopen(s".in", "r", stdin), freopen(s".out", "w", stdout)
#define all(a) a.begin() , a.end()
#define F first
#define S second
#define int ll
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
const ll N = 2e5+5 , inf = 2e9+7;
const ll INF = 1e18 , mod = 987654321;
vector<int> a[N];
int n , m , k , cur = 0;
void check(){
for(int i = 1; i+1 <= n; i++){
for(int j = 1; j+1 <= m; j++){
if(a[i][j] == 0 && a[i+1][j] == 0 && a[i+1][j+1] == 0 && a[i][j+1] == 0){
a[i][j] = a[i][j+1] = a[i+1][j] = a[i+1][j+1] = ++cur;
}
}
}
return;
}
bool f(){
int mx = 0;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
for(int j = 1; j <= m; j++){
int cnt = a[i][j] == a[i+1][j];
cnt += a[i][j] == a[i][j+1];
cnt += a[i][j] == a[i-1][j];
cnt += a[i][j] == a[i][j-1];
if(cnt != 2) return 0;
if(a[i][j] == 0) return 0;
mx = max(mx , a[i][j]);
}
}
if(mx > k) return 0;
cout << "YES\n";
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
for(int j = 1; j <= m; j++){
cout << a[i][j] <<" ";
}
cout << "\n";
}
return 1;
}
void solve(){
cin >> n >> m >> k;
for(int i = 0; i <= n+1; i++){
a[i].resize(m+9);
}
for(int i = 0; i <= n+1; i++){
for(int j = 0; j <= m+1; j++){
a[i][j] = 0;
}
}
if(n % 2 || m % 2){
cout << "NO\n";
return;
} else {
if((n/2)*(m/2) < k){
cout << "NO\n";
return;
}
cur = 0;
ll kk = n*m-k*4+4 , kol = 0;
int n1 = n , m1 = m;
for(int i = 0; i < min(n/2,m/2); i++){
if(kk - (n1*2+m1*2-4) >= 0){
cur++;
kol++;
for(int i = kol; i <= n-kol+1; i++){
a[i][kol] = cur;
a[i][m-kol+1] = cur;
}
for(int j = kol; j <= m-kol+1; j++){
a[kol][j] = cur;
a[n-kol+1][j] = cur;
}
kk -= (n1*2+m1*2-4);
n1-= 2;
m1-= 2;
kk += 4;
} else if(kk - (n1*2+m1*2-4) < 0){
for(int len = 3; len <= n1; len += 2){
if((kk-len*2) % 2 == 0 && (kk-len*2)/2 <= m1){
int len2 = (kk-len*2)/2;
if(len2 <= 3) continue;
cur++;
for(int i = kol+1; i <= kol+len+1; i++){
a[i][kol+1] = cur;
a[i][kol+len2+1] = cur;
}
for(int i = kol+1; i <= kol+len2+1; i++){
a[kol+1][i] = cur;
a[kol+len+1][i] = cur;
}
break;
}
}
break;
}
}
check();
if(!f()){
cout << "NO\n";
return;
}
}
}
/*
*/
signed main(){
ios;
int t;
cin >> t;
while(t--) solve();
}
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